Writing
Essays on decisions.
On decision systems, AI governance, human-in-the-loop oversight, and the risk frameworks that bind AI to a defensible record. No vendor pitches. No predictions.
Editorial stance
Working definitions, working patterns, and the references that hold up under audit.
All Essays
20 essays — search by title, topic, or tag.
- AI Agents·Comparison·8 min read
AI Agent vs AI Assistant: Understanding the Critical Difference
AI agent vs AI assistant comes down to autonomy, scope, tools, and persistence. Here is the four-dimension test and what each implies for oversight.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
AI Audit: How to Evaluate and Monitor Your AI Systems for Risk and Compliance
An AI audit produces four artefacts: decision log, model card, risk register, refusal log. Internal, external, and continuous audit modes mapped to NIST AI RMF.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
AI for Decision Making: A Practical Framework for High-Stakes Business Choices
AI for decision making works inside a bounded scope, refuses on irreversible commitments, and operates through a constraint gate. Here is the framework.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Safety·Informational·9 min read
AI Guardrails: How to Build Safety Boundaries That Actually Work
AI guardrails come in four types: input, output, behavioural, and policy. Where each fits in the request lifecycle, how they fail, and how to test them.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Safety·Informational·9 min read
AI Red Teaming: How to Test Your AI Systems for Failure Before They Fail in Production
AI red teaming is structured pre-deployment testing for failure. Four test classes, the five-stage engagement, and how findings feed your refusal contracts.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Automated Decision Making: Where It Works, Where It Fails, and How to Stay in Control
Automated decision making works in three contexts and fails in three. Here is the operational test, the GDPR Article 22 obligation, and the four artefacts that make it defensible.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Intelligence: How AI Transforms High-Stakes Business Decisions
Decision intelligence is a discipline, not a dashboard. Here is the working definition, the three pillars, and how the field differs from BI, AI alone, and DSS.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Intelligence Platform: What to Look For and How to Evaluate Vendors
A decision intelligence platform enforces rules before commitment, not after. Here is the structural test that tells real platforms apart from rebadged BI dashboards.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Support Systems in the AI Era: From DSS to Decision Intelligence
A decision support system is the classical software category. Anatomy, four DSS types, and how DSS differs from decision intelligence and decision systems.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
Human-in-the-Loop AI: Why Human Oversight Is the Key to Trustworthy AI Systems
Human-in-the-loop AI keeps a person in the decision path. Here are the three patterns, four conditions for meaningful oversight, and how the EU AI Act treats it.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
AI Contextual Governance Framework Explained
AI contextual governance frameworks replace static rules with situational oversight. Learn the three-tier model, its primary focuses, and how to apply it to any AI deployment.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·8 min read
How to Run an AI Readiness Assessment
A practical guide to assessing AI readiness across 7 governance dimensions. Covers the framework consultants use, scoring methodology, and the 90-day action plan.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·8 min read
What Belongs in an AI Policy
An AI policy is not a list of prohibitions. It defines approved uses, data handling rules, refusal conditions, HITL requirements, and incident response. This post walks through every section.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·7 min read
Scoring AI Risk Without a Spreadsheet
Most AI risk assessment templates are spreadsheets that organisations fill in once and never look at again. This post covers the 12-dimension scoring model that produces actionable HITL placement recommendations.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·7 min read
Why a Governance Prompt Library Is Different
Generic prompt libraries optimise for productivity. A governance prompt library optimises for accountability. This post explains the distinction and walks through three governance prompts in detail.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·6 min read
Three Primary Focuses of AI Governance Frameworks
Accountability, transparency, and control are the three primary focuses of AI governance frameworks. This post explains what each requires in practice and why all three are necessary.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
What Is a Decision System? Definition & Examples
A decision system enforces constraints, order, and verification before commitment. Learn the definition, examples, and how it differs from decision support and AI agents.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Educational·10 min read
AI Risk Management Framework: Enterprise Guide
A practical guide to building an AI risk management framework. Covers NIST AI RMF (Govern, Map, Measure, Manage), ISO/IEC 42001, and an enterprise rollout plan.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Problem-solving·8 min read
Why AI Refusal Matters: Systems That Say No
An AI system that cannot refuse is a liability. This essay explains why refusal is a feature, what conditions should trigger it, and how to design it in.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Operations·Comparison·8 min read
AI Agents vs AI Employees: Key Differences
AI agents complete tasks. AI employees hold a bounded role with authority and accountability. A practical comparison across scope, authority, oversight, and use.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud·
Topic cluster
These essays sit around a central pillar — what a decision system is. Each one is readable independently and links to the others where the topic naturally crosses over.