Writing
Essays on decisions.
On decision systems, AI governance, human-in-the-loop oversight, and the risk frameworks that bind AI to a defensible record. No vendor pitches. No predictions.
Editorial stance
Working definitions, working patterns, and the references that hold up under audit.
All Essays
20 essays — search by title, topic, or tag.
- AI Agents·Comparison·8 min read
AI Agent vs AI Assistant: Understanding the Critical Difference
AI agent vs AI assistant comes down to autonomy, scope, tools, and persistence. Here is the four-dimension test and what each implies for oversight.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
AI Audit: How to Evaluate and Monitor Your AI Systems for Risk and Compliance
An AI audit produces four artefacts: decision log, model card, risk register, refusal log. Internal, external, and continuous modes, mapped to NIST.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
AI for Decision Making: A Practical Framework for High-Stakes Business Choices
AI for decision making works inside a bounded scope, refuses on irreversible commitments, and operates through a constraint gate. Here is the framework.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Safety·Informational·9 min read
AI Guardrails: How to Build Safety Boundaries That Actually Work
AI guardrails come in four types: input, output, behavioural, and policy. Where each fits in the request lifecycle, how they fail, and how to test them.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Safety·Informational·9 min read
AI Red Teaming: How to Test Your AI Systems for Failure Before They Fail in Production
AI red teaming is structured pre-deployment testing for failure. Four test classes, the five-stage engagement, and how findings feed refusal.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Automated Decision Making: Where It Works, Where It Fails, and How to Stay in Control
Automated decision making works in three contexts and fails in three. The operational test, GDPR Article 22, and the four artefacts.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Intelligence: How AI Transforms High-Stakes Business Decisions
Decision intelligence is a discipline, not a dashboard. The working definition, the three pillars, and how it differs from BI, AI, and DSS.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Intelligence Platform: What to Look For and How to Evaluate Vendors
A decision intelligence platform enforces rules before commitment. The structural test that separates real platforms from rebadged BI.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
Decision Support Systems in the AI Era: From DSS to Decision Intelligence
A decision support system is the classical software category. Anatomy, four DSS types, and how DSS differs from decision intelligence and decision systems.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
Human-in-the-Loop AI: Why Human Oversight Is the Key to Trustworthy AI Systems
Human-in-the-loop AI keeps a person in the decision path. The three patterns, four conditions for meaningful oversight, and the EU AI Act.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·9 min read
AI Contextual Governance Framework Explained
Contextual AI governance replaces static rules with situational oversight. The three-tier model, its primary focuses, and how to apply it.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·8 min read
How to Run an AI Readiness Assessment
A practical guide to assessing AI readiness across 7 governance dimensions: the framework, the scoring method, and the 90-day action plan.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·8 min read
What Belongs in an AI Policy
An AI policy is not a list of prohibitions. Approved uses, data handling, refusal conditions, HITL requirements, and incident response.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·7 min read
Scoring AI Risk Without a Spreadsheet
Most AI risk templates are spreadsheets nobody reopens. A 12-dimension scoring model that produces actionable HITL placement instead.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·7 min read
Why a Governance Prompt Library Is Different
Generic prompt libraries optimise for productivity. A governance prompt library optimises for accountability. Here is the distinction.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Informational·6 min read
Three Primary Focuses of AI Governance Frameworks
Accountability, transparency, and control are the three primary focuses of AI governance frameworks. What each requires in practice.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - Decision Systems·Informational·9 min read
What Is a Decision System? Definition & Examples
A decision system enforces constraints, order, and verification before commitment. The definition, examples, and how it differs from AI agents.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Educational·10 min read
AI Risk Management Framework: Enterprise Guide
A practical guide to building an AI risk management framework: NIST AI RMF (Govern, Map, Measure, Manage), ISO/IEC 42001, and a rollout plan.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Governance·Problem-solving·8 min read
Why AI Refusal Matters: Systems That Say No
An AI system that cannot refuse is a liability. This essay explains why refusal is a feature, what conditions should trigger it, and how to design it in.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud· - AI Operations·Comparison·8 min read
AI Agents vs AI Employees: Key Differences
AI agents complete tasks. AI employees hold a bounded role with authority and accountability. Compared across scope, authority, and oversight.
Mudassir Khan·CEO of Cube A Cloud·
Topic cluster
These essays sit around a central pillar — what a decision system is. Each one is readable independently and links to the others where the topic naturally crosses over.